Patterns of pelvic reflux

• Ovarian veins and ovarian plexus
• Uterine and peri-uterine veins
• Internal iliac tributaries
• Pelvic floor
• The patterns can be isolated in the pelvis or connecting the veins in the lower extremity.

 

Imaging Protocol

• IVC and iliac veins to check for obstruction
• Left renal for Nutcracker phenomenon
• Ovarian veins and ovarian plexus
• Uterine and peri-uterine veins
• Internal iliac vein tributaries and pelvic floor Gluteal, pudendal, obturator, inguinal
• Connections of lower limb veins with pelvic floor

 

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